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Home | About Us | About WIR | Permanence Articles | FREE: Permanence and Care Book | Long-Term Sub-Zero Preservation |
 
The Highest Standard of Care: Sub-Zero Cold Storage
For Small Personal
Collections to Large Institutional Archives
 
WIR Technical Articles About Image Permanence Test Methods and the Permanence of Digitally-Printed Photographs
 
WIR Print Permanence Ratings for 3rd Party Consumer Inks/Papers
and General Interest
Image Permanence Articles
 
WIR Print Permanence Ratings for Desktop Printers, 4x6-inch Dedicated Photo Printers, and Silver-Halide Digital Minilabs
 
WIR Print Permanence Ratings for Medium-Format Tabletop Inkjet Photo Printers and
for Large-Format Inkjet
Photo Printers
 

 

 

 

 

 

MAJOR Update
Free Download!


"The Wilhelm Analog and Digital Color Print Materials Reference Collection"

"All Materials Printed with Color and Monochrome Test Targets Using the Prints, Processing Chemicals, and Inks of Their Time"

"
53 Years: From 1971 to 2024
The Only Collection of Its Kind in the World
"

By Henry Wilhelm, Carol Brower Wilhelm, Kabenla Armah, and Barbara C. Stahl



Download 2,752-page PDF
211 MB

Updated March 5, 2024


Just Posted!

"Free eBooks by Henry Wilhelm to be published in
2025-2026"


Download 1-page PDF
215 K


Posted March 1, 2024


“It is believed that at the present time, more than 99% of the
world’s photographic prints are produced with digital color and
monochrome processes.”

WIR tests show that with current inkjet products, “The difference
in light-stability between the most stable and the least stable of current inkjet inks is greater than 2000 to 1.”

Excerpted from the
Keynote Presentation by Henry Wilhelm: “A
145-Year History of the Stability and Preservation of Color
Photographs and Films … From 1877 to 2022”



Presented at the 2nd International Conference: “Colour
Photography and Film: analysis, preservation, and conservation
of analogue and digital materials” (September 15, 2022 -
Florence, Italy)

Download 7-Page PDF (650 KB)

A Video Visit to the Corbis Photograph Cold Storage Preservation Facility in the High-Security, Underground Iron Mountain Vital Records Center in Northwest Pennsylvania.

Video Produced by Arthur Ou with the Hillman Photography Initiative at the Carneige Museum of Art in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Posted April 30, 2014



Play Video on Vimeo



Hillman Photography Initiative


A Video Featuring Bill Gates, the Owner of Corbis, Henry Wilhelm, Preservation Consultant to Corbis, and Corbis CEO Gary Shenk Discussing the Preservation and Access Facility in France

May 12, 2009





Play HD Video

Download HD Video
(Zip File 188.7 MB)

"Long-Term Preservation of Photographic Originals and Digital Image Files in the Corbis/Sygma Collection in France"

By Henry Wilhelm (WIR), Cédric Gressent (Corbis/Sygma France), and Drew MacLean (Corbis USA)

WIR IS&T
View 9-Page Article
From IS&T's Archiving 2008 Conference
in Berne, Switzerland
June 2008
Posted May 10, 2009

Download 9-Page PDF
From IS&T's Archiving 2008 Conference


Press Release

"Corbis Opens Sygma Preservation and Access Facility"

WIR IS&T
Go To Press Release
Posted May 18, 2009

Choose Language:

"High-Security, Sub-Zero Cold Storage for the PERMANENT Preservation of the Corbis-Bettmann Archive Photography Collection"

By Henry Wilhelm with
Ann C. Hartman, Kenneth Johnston, Els Rijper, and
Thomas Benjamin



View 6-Page Article
From IS&T Archiving Conference April 2004
Posted May 17, 2004

Download 6-Page PDF for
Article & Images
From IS&T's Archiving Conference


Abstract for a Paper That Was Presented at the 46th Annual Conference of the American Institute for Conservation (AIC) in Houston, Texas May 29 to June 2, 2018



"Comparison of LED,
L-37 Filtered Xenon Arc, and Glass-Filtered Cool White Fluorescent Illumination in the Light Fading and Light-Induced Staining of Color Photographs"


Henry Wilhelm, Wilhelm Imaging Research, Inc. and Richard Adams, Ryerson University (Toronto, Ontario, Canada)

Download 3-page PDF

AIC 2018 Conference Program

Posted Feburary 24, 2018


"The Design and Operation of a Passive Humidity-Controlled Cold Storage Vault Using Conventional Freezer Technology and Moisture-Sealed Cabinets"

By Mark McCormick-Goodhart and Henry Wilhelm




View 7-Page Article
From IS&T Archiving Conference April 2004
Posted May 17, 2004

Download 7-Page PDF
for Article
From IS&T Archiving Conference


View Companion Poster
From IS&T Archiving
Conference
Posted May 17, 2004

Download Companion
Poster PDF
From IS&T Archiving Conference
High-Res Version 8.7 Mb
Low-Res Version 1.1 Mb
Poster Size: 44x96 Inches


Cold Storage Article:

"Frozen In Time:
The Bettmann Archive"

Transcript of a Jim Lehrer PBS NewsHour Television Feature on the Corbis Film Preservation Facility
Broadcast June 10, 2004 (Rebroadcast April 28, 2005)

TV Segment Features: Terence Smith, Ken Johnston, Henry Wilhelm, Bill Gates, Tom Roth, and Dina Keil



View 9-Page Transcript
Download 9-Page PDF
View Video Clip
Hear Audio Clip
June 10, 2004


Photography
Preservation Article
from
The Washington Post
Magazine

"Why has Bill Gates
stashed millions of the greatest images of the 20th century under a mountain
in Pennsylvania?"
washington post
"Buried Treasure"
By Mary Battiata
May 18, 2003


High Resolution PDF
with photographs

(16 MB file size)

Low Resolution PDF
with photographs

(3.1 MB file size)


Compact text-only PDF
(72K file size)


"Bettmann 100: Celebrating the Legacy of Dr. Otto Bettmann"

Includes Interview with Henry Wilhelm About the Corbis Sub-Zero Film Preservation Facility


View 4-Page Article

Posted May 17, 2004

Download 4-Page PDF
for Article


Article from
National Press Photographer's Association

"Under Iron Mountain - Corbis Stores 'Very Important Photographs' at Zero Degrees Fahrenheit"

By Gary Haynes
January 2005


View 7-Page Article
Download 7-Page PDF
January 2005


Article from
The Digital Journalist

"A Visit to the Corbis Picture Mine"

By Dirck Halstead
June 2003


View 3-Page Article
Download 3-Page PDF
June 2003


Article from
The Butler Eagle

"Preserving the Past - Spotlight Touches Image Archive, Iron Mountain"

Article features Corbis Collections Manager Ann Hartman at the Corbis Film Preservation Facility at Iron Mountain in Boyers, Pennsylvania

By Eric Freehling
October 5, 2014



View 2-Page Article
Download 2-Page PDF


Click Here for more articles about the Corbis long-term film preservation program



Article from Photo Electronic Imaging Magazine

April 1999

"Images on Ice — Cold Storage Freezes Time for Photographic Film and Prints"

By E. Sapwater with Contributing Writers Kirstin Mortensen and Helen Johnston


View Article
Download PDF
April 1999


"The Cold Storage of Photographic Collections Using Conventional Freezer Storage"

Presented at the 14th Annual National Archives and Records Administration Preservation Conference: Alternative Archival Facilities, held at the National Archives in Washington, D.C. on March 25, 1999

By Mark McCormick-Goodhart


View Article
Download PDF
March 25, 1999


"On the Cold Storage of Photographic Materials in a Conventional Freezer Using the Critical Moisture Indicator (CMI) Packaging Method"

By Mark McCormick-Goodhart


View 28-Page Article
Download 28-Page PDF
Posted July 30, 2003


"The Allowable Temperature and Relative Humidity Range for the Safe Use and Storage of Photographic Materials"
Journal of the Society of Archivists,
Vol. 17, No. 1, 1996


By Mark McCormick-Goodhart


View 15-Page Article
Download 15-Page PDF
Posted July 31, 2003


Guidebook from Canadian Council of Archives

"Cold Storage of Photographs at the City of Vancouver Archives"

By Sue Bigelow, Conservator


View 36-Page Guidebook
Download 36-Page PDF
for Guidebook

Posted May 17, 2004


Back to Top


Free Download!

"The Permanence and Care of Analog and Digital Color Photographs
"

"Forty-Seven Years of Research and Publications: 1966 to 2013"

"The Wilhelm Analog and Digital Color Print Materials Reference Collection: 1971 to 2013"

By Henry Wilhelm, Carol Brower Wilhelm, Kabenla Armah, and Barbara C. Stahl

Vacuum Table

Paper Presented at the "FotoConsevacion2011: Thirty Years of Photograph Conservation Science" Conference

Logrono, Spain, June 20-23, 2011

Download 33-page PDF
3.5 MB

Posted May 1, 2013


WIR 400-Year Permanence Certification for the Long-Term Storage of Inkjet Printed Plain Paper Documents With Black and Color Text and Images

Epson WorkForce Pro WF-C5710 and DURABrite Ultra Fully-Pigmented Inks on Epson Bright White Inkjet Paper and Hammermill Inkjet Paper



Download 12-page PDF

Posted March 11, 2020


Article from IS&T NIP33:
2017 International Conference On Digital Printing Technologies and Digital Fabrication

Denver, Colorado
November 5-9, 2017

"Improved Water-Resistance Test Methods Utilizing a Multispectral Imaging System to Quantify Black and Color Ink Bleeding for Plain Paper Office and Legal Documents Printed with Pigment- and Dye-Based Inket Inks"


By Henry Wilhelm, Wilhelm Imaging Research, Inc., USA; Richard Adams, Ryerson University, Canada; Ken Boydston, MegaVision, Inc., USA; Charles Wilhelm, Wilhelm Imaging Research Inc., USA



Download 5-Page PDF

Posted November 27, 2017


Paper Presented at IS&T's "Printing for Fabrication 2018: Materials, Applications and Processes" Conference in Dresden, Germany on September 23 - 27, 2018



"Permanence Testing of 3D-Printed Objects Subjected to Fade Testing with Outdoor Daylight and with High-Intensity Fluorescent Illumination and Evaluated with a Multispectral Camera and Image Analysis System"

Richard Adams, Ryerson University; Henry G. Wilhelm, Wilhelm Imaging Research, Inc.; Jeremy Littler, Ryerson University


Download 7-page PDF

.STL Files for Printing Your Own Ryerson-WIR 3D-Printed Permanence Test Targets

Download ZIP file for Ryerson-WIR .STL Files

Description of .STL Files for Printing Your Own Ryerson-WIR 3D-Printed Permanence Test Targets

Download Description of Ryerson-WIR .STL Files


Posted August 26, 2019


Abstract for a Presentation That Was Given at IS&T's "International Symposium on Technologies for Digital Photo Fulfillment (TDPF)" To Be Held in Dresden, Germany on September 24, 2018



"An Overview of WIR Print Permanence Ratings for Color Print Materials Used in Consumer and Professional Markets"

Henry G. Wilhelm, Wilhelm Imaging Research, Inc.


Download 1-page PDF


Download IS&T TDPF Conference Program

Posted September 5, 2018



Announcement:
Abstract for a Paper That Was Presented at IS&T's "Archiving 2008: Digitization, Preservation, and Access" Conference at the U.S. National Archives in Washington D.C. on April 17-20, 2018



"High-Resolution Multispectral Imaging and Analysis Systems for the Very-Long-Term Monitoring of Photographs, Paintings, Fabrics, Documents, Books, and Other Works of Artistic and Historical Importance"


Ken Boydston, MegaVision, Inc.; Henry Wilhelm, Wilhelm Imaging Research, Inc.; John McElhone, Canadian Photography Institute of the National Gallery of Canada;Richard Adams, Ryerson University

Download 2-page PDF

Download Preliminary Conference Program

Conference Program Brochure and Registration Information

Download Conference Short Course Program

Posted April 1, 2018

Announcement for the Salted Paper Prints Symposium Held at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts on September 14-15, 2017



Among the 22 presentations
:

"Use of High-Resolution Multispectral Imaging and Analysis Systems for the Long-Term Monitoring of Salted Paper Prints and for Evaluation of the Intrinsic Permanence Characteristics of Contemporary Salted Paper Prints Made with a Variety of Process Variations"


Henry Wilhelm, Wilhelm Imaging Research, Inc; Ken Boydston, MegaVision, Inc.; Mike Robinson, Ryerson University; John McElhone, Canadian Photography Institute of the National Gallery of Canada; Greg Hill and Season Tse, Canadian Conservation Institute

View 7-page Publication

Download 7-page PDF

Posted Feburary 16, 2017


Joint Lectures:

"Applications of Multispectral Imaging" by Guest Speakers Ken Boydston and Henry Wilhelm at the Canadian Photography Institute of the National Gallery of Canada on Tuesday Afternoon, January 31, 2017, from 2:00-4:00 pm. Hosted by John P. McElhone, Chief Conservator of the Restoration and Conservation Laboratory, National Gallery of Canada and the Canadian Photography Institute."







View 3-page Publication

Download 3-page PDF

Posted Feburary 16, 2017


Wilhelm Imaging Research Installs New MegaVision Multispectral Imaging and Permanence Data Analysis System


Click Here For Enlarged Photo and Caption Information


WIR is using the MegaVision system for for large data set, full-tonal scale print permanence studies with a whole range of new materials, including acrylic and glass back-printed with UV-Curable Inks for backlit applications, silver-gelatin, chromogenic, and inkjet prints facemounted to acrylic and glass, prints mounted on Dibond, wood panels, stone, other thick substrates, and more. WIR is the first print permanence testing laboratory in the world to install this sophisticated new system.

Posted May 14, 2016

For Application of the MegaVision System in Permanence Testing See:

Article from "Imaging
Conference JAPAN 2011"
in Tokyo
June 6-8, 2011

"Use of a Multispectral Camera System and Very Small, Comprehensive 'Micropatch' Test Targets for
Full Tonal Scale Colorimetric
Evaluation of the Permanence of Digitally-Printed
Color and B&W Photographs"

By Henry Wilhelm, Ken Boydston,
Kabenla Armah, and Barbara C. Stahl


View 11-page Article

Download 11-page PDF

Posted June 7, 2011


See Also:

Article from IS&T NIP23:
2007 International Conference On Digital Printing Technologies

Anchorage, Alaska USA
September 16-21, 2007

"Evaluating the Image Permanence of Full Tonal Scale Human Skintone Colors in Photographs Using the CIELAB Colorimetry Based WIR i-Star 'Retained Image Appearance' Metric"


By Henry Wilhelm and Dmitriy Shklyarov

i-Star
View 7-page Article

Download 7-page PDF

Posted October 15, 2007


Announcement:
Seminar by
Henry Wilhelmat the Palm Springs Photo Festival in Palm Springs California on May 9, 2017

"The Latest Printing Technologies and Print Permanence: How Leading Photographers Are Printing, Mounting, and Displaying Their Work
"

The Palm Springs Photo Festival May 9-12, 2017



View 1-page Publication

Download 1-page PDF

Posted March 25, 2017


Announcement of Presentation at the Library of Congress in Washington D.C. on November 20, 2015

"Contemporary Analog and Digital Color Photographic Prints: Processes, Practice, and Accelerated Test Methods for Evaluating Print Permanence"


Library of Congress Topics in Preservation Series (TOPS)

Presented by Henry Wilhelm



View 11-page Announcement

Download 11-page PDF
Posted November 20, 2015

Digital Printing Seminar at PhotoPlus Expo in New York That Took Place on Friday, October 23, 2015

Seminar FA7-"The Latest Technologies for Large- and Very-Large Format Printing and Production of Brilliant Backlits and Prints Made with UV-Curable, ChromaLuxe, and the new Epson Printers with UltraChrome HD and HDX Inksets
"

Moderated by Henry Wilhelm

Featuring a Panel of Five of the World's Most Accomplished Fine Art Photography Printmakers:

Philippe Laumont
Laumount Photographics
New York City and Long Island City
www.laumont.com

Charlie Griffin
Griffin Editions
New York City and Brooklyn
www.griffineditions.com

Roland Peck
Peter Lik USA
Las Vegas, Nevada
www.lik.com

Alan Blazar

Blazing Editions
East Greenwich, Rhode Island
www.blazing.com

Stefan Fiedler
Salon Iris
Vienna, Austria
http://www.salon-iris.com/

Robert Burley
Photographer and Professor at Ryerson University
Toronto, Canada
http://www.robertburley.com



View 1-page PDF

Download 1-page PDF
101 KB

Posted October 16, 2015


Announcement of a Seminar at the Department of Materials Science and Engineering of the Whiting School of Engineering at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland

"Accelerated Test Methods to Evaluate the Long-Term Permanence Characteristics of Digitally-Printed Photographs, Including UV-Curable Prints and High Temperature Dye-Sublimation to ChromaLuxe Aluminium Plates (Metal Prints)"


Presented by Henry Wilhelm on October 15, 2014



Download 1-page PDF
Posted October 20, 2014
Society for Imaging Science and Technology NIP30 2014 Digital Printing Technologies Conference in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

September 7 - 11, 2014

"Test Methods for the Long-Term Permanence Behavior of Photographs and Fine Art Prints Made with Large-Format Flatbed Printers Using UV-Curable Inks"

By Henry Wilhelm, Barbara C. Stahl, Kabenla Armah, and Carol Brower Wilhelm



Download Presentation Title Page PDF



Download 3-Page Extended Abstract PDF



Download 2-Page Panel Discussion Title Page PDF

Posted Sept 11, 2014

American Institute for Conservation (AIC) Annual Conference in San Francisco, California USA

May 28 - 31, 2014

"Contemporary analog and digital color photographic prints: Dye and pigment print process descriptors, naming conventions, dating, and permanence characteristics"

By Henry Wilhelm



View 44 x 50-inch Poster

Download 44 x 50-inch Poster PDF
_________

"The role of temperature on the loss of physical and optical properties of newsprint: An assessment of deacidification and subzero freezer storage for the long-term preservation of newpapers in their original form"

By Henry Wilhelm, John Baty* and Andrew Han*
*Johns Hopkins University



View 44 x 51-inch Poster

Download 44 x 51-inch Poster PDF


"Personal and Family Archives: A Simplified Approach to Photographs, Movies, Videos, Letters, and Other Documents"

(Abstract)

By Henry Wilhelm and Harold Fuson


WIR IS&T

Presented at IS&T's International Symposium on Technologies for Digital Photo Fulfillment

Held in conjunction with the International Consumer Electronics Show (CES)

Las Vegas, Nevada
January 5-6, 2014

View Abstract

Download 3-Page PDF
Posted January 12, 2014


Free Download!
New PDF/A Edition
Posted May 22, 2013


"The Permanence and Care of Color Photographs: Traditional and Digital Color Prints, Color Negatives, Slides, and Motion Pictures"

By
Henry Wilhelm
with
contributing author
Carol Brower

High-Resolution
761-Page Acrobat PDF/A for the Entire Book May be Downloaded for FREE!



To date, more than one-half million copies of the book have been downloaded!

Book Published 1993
PDF/A Edition Posted
May 22, 2013

About the Offset-Printed, PDF, and PDF/A Digital Editions of This Book v2

"PDF/A stands for PDF for Archiving"

Article from "Imaging Conference JAPAN 2009"
in Tokyo
June 10-12, 2009

"Improved Test Methods for Evaluating the Permanence of Digitally-Printed Photographs"


By Henry Wilhelm, Kabenla Armah, Dmitriy Shklyarov, and Barbara Stahl

114
View 5-page Article

Download 5-page PDF

Posted July 4, 2009


Article from IS&T NIP22:
2006 International Conference On Digital Printing Technologies

Denver, Colorado USA
September 19, 2006

"A 15-Year History of Digital Printing Technology and Print Permanence in the Evolution of Digital Fine Art Photography"

By Henry Wilhelm

114
View 9-page Article
Download 9-page PDF
Posted September 25, 2006


Essay Excerpted from the Book "Nash Editions: Photography and the Art of Digital Printing"

By Graham Nash with essays by Richard Benson, R. Mac Holbert, and Henry Wilhelm
Edited by Garrett White


Graham Nash

"A History of Permanence in Traditional and Digital Color Photography: The Role of Nash Editions"

Essay by Henry Wilhelm

View 31-page Essay
Download 31-page PDF
Posted December 11, 2007


Order the Book


Article from "Imaging Conference JAPAN 2007"
in Tokyo
June 6-8, 2007

"A Study of 'Unprotected Ozone Resistance' of Photographs Made With Inkjet and Other Digital Printing Technologies"


By Henry Wilhelm, Kabenla Armah, Dmitriy Shklyarov, Barbara Stahl, and
Dimitar Tasev

114
View 5-page Article
Download 5-page PDF
Posted June 20, 2007


Three WIR Articles from IS&T NIP20:
2004 International Conference On Digital Printing Technologies

Salt Lake City, Utah USA
November 1, 2004

"A Review of Accelerated
Test Methods for Predicting the Image Life of
Digitally-Printed Photographs—Part II"


By Henry Wilhelm


View 8-page Article
Download 8-page PDF
November 1, 2004
Addenda Updated Dec. 6, 2004

"A 'Retained Image Appearance' Metric For Full Tonal Scale, Colorimetric Evaluation Of Photographic Image Stability"

By Mark McCormick-Goodhart, Henry Wilhelm, and Dmitriy Shklyarov


View 10-page Article
Download 10-page PDF
November 1, 2004

"Evaluating the Ozone Resistance of Inkjet Prints: Comparisons Between Two Types of Accelerated Ozone Tests and Ambient Air Exposure in a Home"

By Michael Berger and Henry Wilhelm


View 7-page Article
Download 7-page PDF
November 1, 2004


Article from "Japan Hardcopy 2005" Conference in Tokyo
June 8-10, 2005

"New Test Methods for Evaluating the Humidity-Fastness of Inkjet Prints"


By Mark McCormick-Goodhart
and Henry Wilhelm

Image
View 5-page Article
Download 5-page PDF
Posted June 15, 2005

"Progress Towards a NEW Test Method Based on CIELAB Colorimetry for Evaluating the Image Stability of Photographs"

By Mark McCormick-Goodhart and Henry Wilhelm

Full-Screen Page View
Posted February 8, 2004
Minor Revision May 2, 2004

Download 43-Page PDF for
Presentation Slides & Text
From IS&T Conference

February 8, 2004


Download 8-Page PDF for
Companion Article
From IS&T Conference
Proceedings Book

February 2004


Article from "Japan Hardcopy 2004" Conference in Tokyo
June 2-4, 2004

"A Review of Accelerated Test Methods for Predicting the Image Life of Digitally-Printed Photographs"


By Henry Wilhelm


View 5-page Article
Download 5-page PDF
Posted June 5, 2004


"How Long Will They Last? — Part II
An Overview of the Permanence of Digitally-Printed Photographs and Applicable Accelerated Print Permanence Test Methods"

By Henry Wilhelm


View Article
Download PDF
February 2004




"Comparison of Different Methods for Estimating the Sensitivity of Inkjet Images to Gas Fading"

By Michael Berger and Henry Wilhelm


View Article
Download PDF
September 2003


"The Correlation of Line Quality Degradation With Color Changes in Inkjet Prints Exposed to High Relative Humidity"

By Mark McCormick-Goodhart and Henry Wilhelm


View Article
Download PDF
September 2003


"Yellowish Stain Formation in Inkjet Prints and Traditional Silver-Halide Color Photographs"

By Henry Wilhelm


View Article
Download PDF
September 2003


Article from "Japan Hardcopy 2004" Conference in Tokyo June 12, 2003

"Light-Induced and Thermally-Induced Yellowish Stain Formation in Inkjet Prints and Traditional Chromogenic Color Photographs"

By Henry Wilhelm


View Article
Download PDF
June 12, 2003


"How Long Will They Last? An Overview of the Light Fading Stability of Inkjet Prints and Traditional Color Photographs"

By Henry Wilhelm


View Article
Download PDF
February 2002


"Reciprocity Behavior in the Light Stability Testing of Inkjet Photographs"

By Henry Wilhelm and Mark McCormick-Goodhart


View Article
Download PDF

October 2001


"The Influence of Relative Humidity on Short-Term Color Drift in Inkjet Prints"

By Mark McCormick-Goodhart and Henry Wilhelm


View Article
Download PDF
October 2001


"Humidity-Induced Color Changes and Ink Migration Effects in Inklet Photographs in Real-World Environmental Conditions"

By Mark McCormick-Goodhart and Henry Wilhelm


View Article
Download PDF
October 2000


"An Overview of the Permanence of Inkjet Prints Compared with Traditional Color Prints"

By Henry Wilhelm and Mark McCormick-Goodhart


View Article
Download PDF
January 2000


"The Important Roles of Inks and Media in the Light Fading Stability of Inkjet Prints"

By Henry Wilhelm, Joseph Holmes, and Mark McCormick-Goodhart


View Article
Download PDF

October 1998


"A Survey of the Light Fading Stability of Digital Pictorial Reflection Prints"

By Henry Wilhelm


View Article
Download PDF
May 1995


Article from the Journal of the American Institute for Conservation

"Monitoring the Fading and Staining of Color Photographic Prints"

By Henry Wilhelm


View 18-Page Article
Download 18-Page PDF
Fall 1981


Back to Top


Final Report

WIR Print Permanence Ratings for a Broad Range of OBA-Free Canson Infinity Photo and Fine Art Papers Printed with the Latest Epson UltraChrome HDX Inks, the Latest Canon LUCIA PRO Inks, and HP Vivera Pigment Inks

WIR :: Canon

This Comprehensive Report Also Includes WIR Print Permanence Ratings for Previous Generation Epson UltraChrome K3 Inks and Previous Generation Canon LUCIA Inks

Download 10-page PDF


Posted June 1, 2020


Article From Photo Review Austrailia
June 1 2020

"Epson launches two high-end desktop photo printers"

Print Permanence Testing is Currently in Progress at Wilhelm Imaging Research



Download 4-page PDF

Posted June 1, 2020


WIR-HP DesignJet Z9+ Preliminary Print Permanence Ratings



WIR-HP DesignJet Z9+ Print Permenance Ratings
Download 6-page PDF


Posted February 8, 2020


WIR Statement Concerning the Print Permanence of the New HP DesignJet Z6 and Z9+ Large Format Printers with New HP 746 and HP 747 Vivid Photo Pigment Inks



WIR Print Permanence Statement for HP DesignJet Z6 and Z9+ Printers
Download 1-page PDF


Posted May 15, 2018

Article from PDN Magazine
May 2016

"Inkjet Prints: One For The Ages?"

"Inkjet Prints Can Be Beautiful And, Stored Properly, Incredibly Long-Lasting"

By Greg Scoblete
Senior Technology Editor



View Article

Download 5-page PDF

Posted May 31, 2016

Article from PDN Magazine
August 2016

"What Photographers Need To Know About UV Printing"

"UV curable inkjet printers can make a print on just about anything and at incredibly large sizes"

By Greg Scoblete
Senior Technology Editor



View Article

Download 6-Page PDF


Posted August 1, 2016

ChromaLuxe - Photokina Article in Fine Art Printer Magazine - Germany
January 2017
By Hermann Will




View 6-page Publication

Download 6-page PDF

Posted Feburary 16, 2017


Free Download!

"The Wilhelm Research Archives - Vol. 1"

"Technical Publications 1968-2015"

With Contributions by Henry Wilhelm, Barbara C. Stahl, Kabenla Armah, Carol B. Wilhelm, and Colleagues

This 1,487-page publication on the permanence and preservation of photographs includes 73 key publications and covers 45 years of research and publishing at Wilhelm Imaging Research, Inc. and The Center for the Image.org

Future technical publications will be incorporated 
in updates to this document.

Collected Papers

Download 1487-page PDF
104 MB

Updated February 15, 2015

Free Download!

"The Wilhelm Research Archives - Vol. 2"

"Photo and Other Consumer Publications Featuring WIR Research Interviews and Awards
1970-2015"

Compiled by Henry Wilhelm, Barbara C. Stahl, Kabenla Armah, Carol B. Wilhelm, and Colleagues

This is a 696-page publication of articles featuring WIR Research, Interviews and Awards.

Collected Papers

Download 696-page PDF
84 MB

Updated July 1, 2016

Article from IS&T NIP29:
2013 International Conference On Digital Printing Technologies

Seattle, Washington USA
September 30, 2013


"Automated Surface Texture Classification of Inkjet and Photographic Media"

By Paul Messier, Richard Johnson, Henry Wilhelm, William A. Sethares, Andrew G. Klein, et al.


View 8-page Article

Download 8-page PDF

Posted February 27, 2014


"Saving Endangered Photographs"

By Sarah Everts

"Chemical and Engineering News"
February 25, 2013
www.cen-online.org


View 6-page Article

Download 6-page PDF



"How to Make a Photo Last Forever (or Close Enough)"

By Greg Scoblete

"RealClearTechnology"
February 07, 2014
www.realcleartechnology.com


View 5-page Article

Download 5-page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for Inkpress Papers with Epson, Canon, and HP Pigment Inks

WIR :: Canon
View 8-page Report

Download 8-page PDF

Posted September 7, 2011


Minor Update!

Print Permanence Ratings
for Ilford Inkjet Photo Papers
With HP Pigment Inks


Download 6-page PDF
Posted Feburary 24, 2018


View 2-page Ilford-WIR Press Release

Download 2-page PDF

Posted August 22, 2011


Print Permanence Ratings for Tecco Photo and
Fine Art Papers With Epson, Canon, and
HP Pigment Inks


View 8-page Report

Download 8-page PDF

Posted April 20, 2011

Press Release

"Premier Imaging Products and Wilhelm Imaging Research Announce Comprehensive Testing of PremierArt GenerationsFine Art Papers and Canvas"

Press Release
Go To Press Release
Posted March 2, 2009
Download 1-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for Harman Inkjet Papers with HP, Epson, and Canon Pigment Inks


View 8-page Report
Download 8-page PDF
Posted October 22, 2008

Print Permanence Ratings for Hahnemuhle Inkjet Papers with Epson UltraChrome K3 Pigment Inks


View 6-page Report
Download 6-page PDF
Posted October 20, 2008


Print Permanence Ratings for Epson DURABrite Pigment
Inks and Epson Photo Paper vs. Store-Brand and Other Non-Genuine, Third-Party
Inks and Photo Papers

durabriteView 8-page Report

Download 8-page PDF

Posted September 11, 2007


Article from "The Hard Copy Supplies Journal"
Published by
Lyra Research, Inc.
May 2006

"WIR Testing Finds Aftermarket Inks Are Inferior to OEM"

"Test Results from Wilhelm Imaging Research indicate that the image permanence of photos printed with aftermarket products is far inferior to those printed with OEM SKUs."

By Charles Brewer

Hard Copy

View 6-page Article
Download 6-page PDF
Posted May 25, 2006


Article from
"The Hard Copy
Supplies Journal"
Published by
Lyra Research, Inc.

March 2008

"At Least for Ink Jet Print Permanence, WIR and Kodak Mend Fences"

By Charlie Brewer


View 3-page Article
Download 3-page PDF
March 2008



Article In
"Inkjet NEWS and Tips"
From Inkjet Art Solutions
Salt Lake City, Utah USA

"Perspective on Real-World Ink Costs and Production Printing"

By Chris Bair

Image
View 4-Page Article
Download 4-page PDF
Posted January 30, 2008


Article from dpNOW.com
Posted June 28, 2006

"European third party ink jet inks dealt major blow by latest Wilhelm tests "

By Ian Burley
Digital Photography Now

dpNOW

View 2-page Article
Download 2-page PDF
Posted June 28, 2006


Article from
Digital Photo Workshop
Magazine (Russia)
August 2006

"Fading Warning"

By Alexey Erokhin

Article in Russian About Print Permanence And the Poor Stability of European Third Party Inks and Photo Papers

Russia
View 3-Page Article
Download 3-Page PDF
Posted July 30, 2006


Article from PCWorld on
The Poor Permanence of
Many Third-Party Inks
!


Download PDF for Article
"Cheap Ink Probed"

September 2003


Article from PCWorld on
The Potentially Huge Impact
Of the Choice Of Inkjet Paper
On Image Permanence!


fade factor
Download PDF for Article
"The Fade Factor"

November 2002


More Articles from
PCWorld Magazine
(2001-2003)


Article from
PCWorld.com
July 8, 2005

"Lack of Standards Sparks Inkjet Photo Fade Debate"

"How long inkjet-printed photos last depends on who you ask, experts say."

By Tom Spring

Canon
View 5-Page Article
Download 5-Page PDF
Posted September 2, 2005


Article In
"Inkjet NEWS and Tips"
From Inkjet Art Solutions
Salt Lake City, Utah USA

"Kodak Uses Different Testing Methods for Predicting Image Life"

By Royce Bair, Editor

Image
View Article
Download 4-Page PDF
Posted November 10, 2004


Article from
Wall Street Journal
April 1, 2005

"In Digital Age, A Clash Over Fading Photos"

By William M. Bulkeley

wsj
View 3-Page Article
Download 3-Page PDF
April 1, 2005


Article from
This Week in Consumer Electronics (TWICE)
April 4, 2005

"Lack of Standard Sparks Inkjet Controversy"

By Greg Scoblete

twice
View 2-Page Article
Download 2-Page PDF
April 4, 2005


Article from Shutterbug Magazine
March 2005

"How Long Will Your Digital Prints Last?
You May Be Surprised"

By Nils Miller
(Hewlett-Packard Company)

shutterbug
View 2-Page Article
Download 2-Page PDF


"Print Permanence:
An Epson White Paper"

(Epson America, Inc.)

epson
View 9-Page Article
Download 9-Page PDF
Minor Revision
September 2005


Article from
Digital Photo Pro
Magazine
May-June 2005

"Misinformation: What Does Archival Really Mean?"

By Rob Sheppard

Digital Photo Pro

"At the PMA trade show this past winter, discussion about the life of prints, from inkjet to dye-sub came up again, this time with some industry in-fighting."

View 4-Page Article
Download 4-Page PDF
Posted May 28, 2005


Two articles from
Rochester Democrat and Chronicle
April 3, 2005

"How long will your digital prints really last? Good question"

"Quality of ink, paper important, but test standards remain unsettled"

By Ben Rand


View 1-page Article
Download 1-page PDF

See Companion Article:
"Preventing a Digital Fade to Black"

By Ben Rand


View 2-page Article
Download 2-page PDF


Article From
Photo Review Australia

Dec/Jan 2005

"For Keeps"

By Keith Shipton

"Some Inkjet Paper and Inks Now Produce Longer-Lasting Images Than Conventional Photographic Paper....But, It's Certainly Not True of Every Combination."

WIR and Kodak Image Permanence Test Methods Reviewed


View 4-Page Article
Download 4-Page PDF


Article From
The Sydney Morning Herald Newspaper
Sydney, Australia
November 25, 2004

"Fade to Black"

By Charles Wright

"Kodak is fighting a battle with the rest of the photography industry over the longevity of its inkjet printing papers..."


View 2-Page Article
Download 2-Page PDF


Article From
From PHOTO Techniques Magazine
Jan/Feb 2005

"An Interview with
Henry Wilhelm of
Wilhelm Imaging Research"

"The noted image-permanence researcher details the history of the field and considers the future of photography."

By Paul Schranz


View 5-Page Article
Download 5-Page PDF


Article From BYTE.com

"The Fine Art of Digital Printing, Part 3"

Author David Em from the Byte Media Lab discusses why "Kodak Years" must be interpreted differently from "Wilhelm Years" as they relate to print display permanence ratings.


View 5-Page Article
Download 5-Page PDF
Posted July 26, 2004


Article from
Family Tree Magazine
on Inkjet Print Permanence for Family Albums and Scrapbooks


Download PDF for Article
"Lasting Impressions"

September 2003


Article
from Great Output Magazine


"Will my inkjet prints last as long as traditional photos? Yes, but only if you choose printers, inks, and papers wisely"

Interview article by Ray Work on accelerated test methods and the permanence of inkjet photographs.


Interview Article from
Shutterbug Magazine

"The Archival Quality of Digital Print Media: A Conversation With Henry Wilhelm, The 'Guru' of Image Permanence"

By Chris Maher and Larry Berman (with editorial comment by George Schaub)


High Resolution PDF
November 2003


Article From
USA Today

"Life has gotten even shorter in digital age — Technology raises issues of obsolescence, data 'rot'"

Author Edward C. Baig discusses obsolescence of digital hardware, software, file formats, problems with the preservation of CDs and DVDs, and the permanence of digitally printed photographs.


View 4-Page Article
Download 4-Page PDF
Posted July 27, 2004


Article From Digital Photo Pro Magazine
May-June 2004

"Misinformation: The (Non?) Permanence of Inkjet Prints"

By Rob Sheppard


"Myth: Inkjet prints fade too quickly to be used for fine-art printing"

View Article
Download 4-Page PDF
Posted June 30, 2004


Digital Photography
Article from
U.S. News &
World Report

Print Display Permanence data provided by Wilhelm Imaging Research, Inc.
Article also features digital photography pioneer Stephen Johnson.

US News
"Are Photos Finished?"
March 24, 2003


by David LaGesse


Additional Articles Written By, or Related to, Wilhelm Imaging Research


Back to Top


Just Posted!

Print Permanence Ratings for
HP Envy 6400-Series Printers



HP Envy 6400-Series Printers Download 6-page PDF

Posted August 9, 2024


Print Permanence Ratings for
HP DesignJet XL3800 Printer



HP DesignJet XL3800 Printer Download 6-page PDF

Posted January 5, 2024


"Book of Abstracts"
of All The Papers Presented at the Florence Conference
September 15-16, 2022




Download 34-page PDF

Posted January 30, 2023

Abstract of a paper that was presented by Henry Wilhelm on March 29, 2021 at the Online
Conference: “Colour Photography and Film: Sharing knowledge of analysis, preservation,
conservation, and migration of analogue and digital materials.” Originally planned as an “in-person” conference in Florence, Italy, the conference had to be changed to an online
conference because of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic.


By Henry Wilhelm, Effiba Armah, Ken Boydston, Richard Adams and Charles Wilhelm

Link to Conference Website



Download 2-page PDF

Posted March 29, 2021


“Colour Photography and Film: sharing knowledge of analysis, preservation, conservation, migration of analogue and digital materials”
March 29-30, 2021


Link to Conference Website

Scientific Program



Download 5-page PDF

Posted March 29, 2021

"Book of Abstracts"
of All The Papers Presented at the Florence Conference
March 29-30, 2021




Download 41-page PDF

Posted March 29, 2021


Epson News Release

“Epson Introduces new 13-inch and 17-inch 10-Ink SureColor P-series Desktop Photography Printers”


"WIR Print Permanence Tests Currently in Progress for the New Printers and UltraChrome PRO10 Pigment Inks"



Download 4-page PDF
113 K


Posted April 21, 2020


Epson News Release

“Epson Introduces First 12-Ink SureColor P-series Large Format Printers”


"WIR Print Permanence Tests Currently in Progress for the New Printers and UltraChrome PRO12 Pigment Inks"



Download 4-page PDF
131 K


Posted October 1, 2019


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson SureColor P400 Printer with UltraChrome HG2 Pigment Inks




Epson SureColor P400 and HG2 Inks
Download 6-page PDF


Posted February 15, 2019


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson SureColor P5000 Printers with UltraChrome HDX Pigment Inks




Epson SureColor P5000 and HDX Inks
Download 9-page PDF


Posted February 25, 2019

Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson SureColor P600 Printer with UltraChrome HD Pigment Inks




Epson SureColor P600 and HD Inks
Download 9-page PDF


Posted February 15, 2019

Video with Henry Wilhelm Discussing Print Permanence Testing, a Photographer's Legacy, and the Greatly Improved Permanence of New Epson UltraChrome HD, HDX, and PRO Inksets

WIR :: Canon

Go to Epson Video Link

Posted April 1, 2018


Free Download!

Low-Cost Tilt-Top Vacuum Table:

For Digital Capture of Newspapers, Photographs, Posters, Blueprints and Works of Art on Paper

A Step-by-Step Construction Guide v3.0

Vacuum Table

A publication of
The Center for the Image.org
in association with
Wilhelm Imaging Research, Inc.

View 42-page Publication

Download 42-page PDF
Posted May 22, 2013


Article from IS&T's 2007 International Symposium On Technologies For Digital Fulfillment

Las Vegas, Nevada USA
March 5, 2007

"A Survey of Print Permanence in the 4x6-Inch Consumer Digital Print Market in 2004-2007"

By Henry Wilhelm

Includes WIR Data for the NEWEST 4x6-inch Printers from Dell, Lexmark, Canon, Hewlett-Packard, and Epson

Also Includes WIR Display Permanence Ratings for
Digital Minilab
Silver-Halide Color Papers:

WIR/DPR Ratings (Years)
(40) Fujicolor Crystal Archive
(19) Kodak Edge Generations
(17) Konica (DNP) Impresa


View 7-page Article

Download 7-Page PDF
Posted March 7, 2007


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson L355 and L800 EcoTank
(Ink Tank System) Printers




Epson L355 and L800
Full-Screen Page View

Posted October 10, 2014

Epson L355 and L800
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
HP Ink Cartridges Refilled by Cartridge World, Office Depot, OfficeMax, Costco, Walgreens, 4inkjets.com and 123inkjets.com

Includes
List of Equivalent U.S. and European HP Inkjet Cartridge Numbers on Page 3



HP Ink Cartridge Refills
Full-Screen Page View

HP Ink Cartridge Refills
Download 8-Page PDF

Updated September 24, 2012


Print Permanence Ratings for
Kodak Hero
9.1
All-in-One Printer and Kodak
Pigment Inks



Kodak Hero 9.1
Full-Screen Page View

Updated June 12, 2012

Kodak Hero 9.1
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Kodak Hero 7.1
All-in-One Printer and Kodak
Pigment Inks



Kodak Hero 7.1
Full-Screen Page View

Updated June 12, 2012

Kodak Hero 7.1
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Kodak Hero
6.1
All-in-One Printer and Kodak
Pigment Inks



Kodak Hero 6.1
Full-Screen Page View

Updated June 12, 2012

Kodak Hero 6.1
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Kodak Hero
5.1
All-in-One Printer and Kodak
Pigment Inks



Kodak Hero 5.1
Full-Screen Page View

Updated June 12, 2012

Kodak Hero 5.1
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Kodak Hero
3.1
All-in-One Printer and Kodak
Pigment Inks



Kodak Hero 3.1
Full-Screen Page View

Updated June 12, 2012

Kodak Hero 3.1
Download 6-Page PDF



Print Permanence Ratings for
Kodak ESP Office 2170 Printer and Kodak Pigment Inks

Kodak ESP Office 2170
Full-Screen Page View

Updated June 12, 2012

Kodak ESP Office 2170
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for Kodak ESP-C315 Printer and Kodak Pigment Inks


Kodak ESP-C315
Full-Screen Page View

Updated July 11, 2011

Kodak ESP-C315
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for Kodak ESP-C310 Printer and Kodak Pigment Inks


Kodak ESP-C310
Full-Screen Page View

Updated July 12, 2011

Kodak ESP-C310
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for Kodak ESP-9250 Printer and Kodak Pigment Inks


Kodak ESP-9250
Full-Screen Page View

Updated July 12, 2011

Kodak ESP-9250
Download 6-Page PDF




Kodak Press Release

"Advanced KODAK Printing System With Proprietary Pigment Inks Delivers High Quality....While Maintaining Low Total Running Ink Costs"

Kodak ESP-9250
Press Release
Full-Screen Page View

Posted August 27, 2010

Kodak ESP-9250
Press Release
Download 3-page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Lexmark Interpret S405 Printer and Lexmark Vizix Dye-Based Inks




Lexmark Interpret S405
Full-Screen Page View

Posted June 5, 2010

Lexmark Interpret S405
Download 6-Page PDF


New Update!

Print Permanence Ratings for Kodak ESP Office 6150 Printer and Kodak Pigment Inks



Kodak ESP Office 6150
Full-Screen Page View

Updated June 12, 2012

Kodak ESP Office 6150
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for Kodak ESP-7250 Printer and Kodak Pigment Inks



Kodak ESP-7250
Full-Screen Page View

Updated June 12, 2012

Kodak ESP-7250
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for Brother MFC-490cw Printer and Brother Innobella Inks

Brother
Brother MFC-490cw
Full-Screen Page View

Posted December 20, 2009

Brother MFC-490cw
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for Kodak ESP-5250 Printer and Kodak Pigment Inks

epson
Kodak ESP-5250
Full-Screen Page View

Posted May 10, 2010

Kodak ESP-5250
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for Kodak ESP-3250 Printer and Kodak Pigment Inks


Kodak ESP-3250
Full-Screen Page View

Posted November 14, 2009

Kodak ESP-3250
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for Brother MFC-6490cw Printer and Brother Innobella Inks

Brother
Brother MFC-6490cw
Full-Screen Page View

Posted August 24, 2009

Brother MFC-6490cw
Download 6-Page PDF


HP Photosmart Express PE1000 Retail Kiosk Printer with HP Vivera Pigment Inks


HP Photosmart Express PE1000 Full-Screen Page View
Download 6-Page PDF
Posted March 1, 2009

Print Permanence Ratings for Kodak ESP-9 Printer and Kodak Pigment Inks

epson
Kodak ESP-9
Full-Screen Page View

Posted October 5, 2008

Kodak ESP-9
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson WorkForce 600 Printer and DURABrite Ultra Inks


Epson
Epson WorkForce 600
Full-Screen Page View

Posted September 14, 2008

Epson WorkForce 600
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson Artisan 800 Printer and Epson Claria Inks


Epson
Epson Artisan 800
Full-Screen Page View

Posted September 6, 2008

Epson Artisan 800
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson Stylus NX400 Printer and DURABrite Ultra Inks


Epson
Epson Stylus NX400
Full-Screen Page View

Posted August 27, 2008

Epson Stylus NX400
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for Kodak ESP-3 Printer and Kodak Pigment Inks

epson
Kodak ESP-3
Full-Screen Page View

Posted June 23, 2008

Kodak ESP-3
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson Stylus Photo RX595 All-in-One Printer
and Epson Claria Inks


Epson
Epson Stylus Photo RX595
Full-Screen Page View

Posted June 18, 2008

Epson Stylus RX595
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson Stylus CX9400Fax Printer and DURABrite Ultra Inks


Epson
Epson Stylus CX9400Fax
Full-Screen Page View

Posted January 30, 2008

Epson Stylus CX9400Fax
Download 6-Page PDF


Announced on
February 8, 2008 at
Kodak Press Conference
With WIR and QualityLogic
in New York City

Kodak Press Release

"Kodak's Consumer Desktop Inkjet Printing Systems Achieve Best-in-Class Print Permanence Ratings from
Wilhelm Imaging Research"

Press Release
Go To Press Release
Posted February 25, 2008
Download 3-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for Kodak EasyShare 5300 Printer and Kodak Pigment Inks

epson
Kodak EasyShare 5300
Full-Screen Page View

Posted January 30, 2008

Kodak EasyShare 5300
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson Stylus Photo R280 Printer and Claria Inks

epson
Epson Stylus Photo R280
Full-Screen Page View

Posted January 16, 2008

Epson Stylus Photo R280
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson PictureMate Dash
(PM 260) Compact Printer

epson
Epson PictureMate
Dash (PM 260)
Full-Screen Page View

Posted December 30, 2007

Epson PictureMate
Dash (PM 260)
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson Stylus Photo RX680 All-in-One Printer
and Epson Claria Inks


Epson
Epson Stylus Photo RX680
Full-Screen Page View

Posted December 30, 2007

Epson Stylus RX680
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson Stylus CX8400 Printer
and DURABrite Ultra Inks


Epson
Epson Stylus CX8400
Full-Screen Page View

Posted December 30, 2007

Epson Stylus CX8400
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson Stylus C120 Printer
with DURABrite Ultra Inks


Epson
Epson Stylus C120
Full-Screen Page View

Posted December 10, 2007

Epson Stylus C120
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson Stylus CX6000 Printer
and DURABrite Ultra Inks


Epson
Epson Stylus CX6000
Full-Screen Page View

Updated March 28, 2007

Epson Stylus CX6000
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson Stylus CX5000 Printer
and DURABrite Ultra Inks


Epson
Epson Stylus CX5000
Full-Screen Page View

Updated March 28, 2007

Epson Stylus CX5000
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson PictureMate Flash (PM 280) Printer

epson
Epson PictureMate
Flash (PM 280)
Full-Screen Page View

Posted October 30, 2006

Epson PictureMate
Flash (PM 280)
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson Stylus Photo RX580 Printer and Claria Inks

epson
Epson Stylus Photo RX580
Full-Screen Page View

Posted November 28, 2006

Epson Stylus Photo RX580
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson Stylus Photo R380 Printer and Claria Inks

epson
Epson Stylus Photo R380
Full-Screen Page View

Posted November 29, 2006

Epson Stylus Photo R380
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson Stylus Photo R260 Printer and Claria Inks

epson
Epson Stylus Photo R260
Full-Screen Page View

Posted November 30, 2006

Epson Stylus Photo R260
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson Stylus CX4800 Printer
and DURABrite Ultra Inks



Epson Stylus CX4800
Full-Screen Page View

Posted January 2, 2006

Epson Stylus CX4800
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
HP Photosmart 8450
and HP Vivera Inks


HP Photosmart 8450
Full-Screen Page View

Posted June 29, 2005

HP Photosmart 8450
Download 7-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
HP Photosmart 8750 Printer
and HP Vivera Inks


HP Photosmart 8750
Full-Screen Page View

Posted February 18, 2005

HP Photosmart 8750
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Lexmark Home
Photo Center P6250
and Lexmark Evercolor Inks


Lexmark P6250
Full-Screen Page View

Posted June 22, 2005

Lexmark P6250
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson Stylus Photo R1800
and Epson UltraChrome
Hi-Gloss Inks

Epson R1800
Full-Screen Page View

Updated February 14, 2005

Epson R1800
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson Stylus Photo R800
and Epson UltraChrome
Hi-Gloss Inks

Epson R800
Full-Screen Page View

Updated December 3, 2004

Epson R800
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson Stylus Photo R300
and R320 Printers
and Epson Photo Inks


Epson Stylus Photo R300
and R320 Printers
Full-Screen Page View

Updated June 18, 2005

Epson Stylus Photo R300
and R320 Printers
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson Stylus C86 and
Epson DURABrite Inks


Epson Stylus C86
Full-Screen Page View

Posted July 3, 2005

Epson Stylus C86
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
HP Deskjet 5550 Printer
and HP Inks


HP 5550
Full-Screen Page View

Updated May 28, 2005

HP 5550
Download 2-Page PDF


Below are more general interest articles from newspapers, magazines, books, and websites

Article from
PROFIfoto Germany
April 2006

"Interview: Henry Wilhelm Über Die Haltbarkeit Von Bildern"

"Von Apfeln, Orangen Und Wassermelonen"

By Thomas Gerwers
Redakpionsleitung

Language: German

PROFifoto

"Wilhelm Imaging Research beschäftigt sich mit der Entwicklung ausgefeilter Testmethoden zur Haltbarkeit von Bildern und der Simulation von Langzeit-Alterungseffekten. Die Testergebnisse werden unter anderem von Epson, HP, Canon und Lexmark anerkannt, und dienen diesen Herstellern als Grundlage ihrer Aussagen zur Haltbarkeit von Prints. ProfiFoto sprach mit Henry Wilhelm über technologische Trends und Testmethoden."

View Article
Download 10-Page PDF
Posted April 22, 2006


Article from
Fine Art Printer
Germany
May 2005

"Less Light at Kodak"
By Hermann Will

Language: German

"The purpose of this article is to explain to the reader, test methods various companies use to predict lightfastness. Main theme: Kodak versus the rest of the industry."

View Article
Download 4-Page PDF
Posted May 28, 2005


Article from
Camera Australia Magazine
January 2005

"How Long Will An Inkjet Print Last?"

By Trevern Dawes

"Inkjet printing continues to improve in quality and affordability, but the questions over print life persist. Trevern Dawes examines the situation, outlines the current accelerated fade testing methods and summarises the practices recommended to promote maximum print life."


View 6-Page Article
Download 6-Page PDF


Article from
Home Computer Russia

April 2003

"The Quality of Digital Photography "

By Alexey Erokhin

Language: Russian

"All the major aspects of output affect the enjoyment of digital photography. It's important to consider printer speed as well as longevity and color gamut."

View Article
Download 6-Page PDF
Posted May 28, 2005


Just Posted!

WIR Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson EcoTank Photo ET-8500 and ET-8550 Printers



Epson EcoTank Photo
ET-8500 and ET-8550
Download 7-page PDF


Shaquille O'Neal talks about the EcoTank Photo Printers

Open link and scroll down for WIR Permanence discussion


Keith Cooper Reviews the EcoTank ET-8550 Photo Printer

Keith Cooper Talks About Print Longevity and WIR

Posted August 9, 2024


WIR Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson SureColor P20570 Printer



Epson SureColor P20570
Download 8-page PDF


Posted April 29, 2024


Just Posted!

Epson Press Release

“Epson Introduces New 64-Inch Fine Art Printer Offering High-Quality, Wide Color Gamut and High-Productivity
"



Download 7-page PDF
1.3 MB


Posted April 10, 2024


Just Posted!

WIR Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson SureColor P5370 Printer



Epson SureColor P5370 Printer Download 8-page PDF

Posted April 29, 2024

Epson News Release

“Epson Introduces New Legacy Baryta II Papaer for Photographic Printing”


"Newest Portfolio Addition Joins Epson Legacy Family of 100% Cotton Fibre, OBA-free, and WIR Permanence Tested Papers"



Download 3-page PDF
152 K


Posted May 9, 2023


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson SureColor P700 and P900 Printers with UltraChrome PRO10 Pigment Inks




Epson SureColor P700 and P900 and PRO10 Inks
Download 8-page PDF


Posted January 25, 2023


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson SureColor P7570 and P9570 Printers with UltraChrome PRO12 Pigment Inks




Epson SureColor P7570 and P9570 and PRO12 Inks
Download 8-page PDF


Posted January 25, 2023


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson SureColor P10000 and P20000 Printers with UltraChrome PRO Pigment Inks




Epson SureColor P10000 and P20000 and PRO Inks
Download 9-page PDF


Posted February 15, 2019

Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson SureColor P7000 and P9000 Printers with UltraChrome HDX Pigment Inks



Epson SureColor P7000 and P9000 and HDX Inks
Download 9-page PDF


Posted February 15, 2019


Epson News Release

“Epson Launches New Legacy Textured Fine Art Paper”


"WIR Print Permanence Tests Currently in Progress for the New Paper"



Download 3-page PDF
143 K


Posted October 25, 2018


Print Permanence Ratings for
HP DesignJet Z6200 Photo
Production Printers and
HP Vivid Photo Pigment Inks



HP DesignJet Z6200
Download 6-page PDF

Posted Feburary 16, 2018

Epson News Release

“Epson SureColor P5000 Printer and HDX Inks Honored by Professional Photographer Magazine”


"WIR Print Permanence Data and Improved Skin Tone Longevity for Portrait and Wedding Photographs Cited"

View 3-page Publication

Download 3-page PDF
126 K


Posted Sept 6, 2017


ChromaLuxe Press Release

"ChromaLuxe Achieves Three Times the Print Display Permanence Rating Compared to Silver-Halide Color Papers"

ChomaLux Press Release

View 3-page Publication

Download 3-page PDF
74 K


Posted September 14, 2016

Epson News Release

“Epson Now Shipping Complete Line of Award Winning Legacy Papers”

View 4-page Publication

Download 4-page PDF
143 K


Posted June 23, 2016


Epson News Release

“New Epson UltraChrome HDX Pigment Ink Technology Delivers the Highest Print Permanence Ratings Ever Achieved for Epson UltraChrome Inks”

View 3-page Publication

Download 3-page PDF
188 K


Posted April 15, 2015



View 1-page WIR Seal

Final print permanence test results for the new HDX inks printed on a variety of media will be posted on the WIR website as soon as the data become available toward the end of this year.  It is one of the realities of the print permanence testing field that the more stable the print, the longer the tests take to complete.


Print Permanence Ratings for
the Canon Pro-1 Printer and
Canon LUCIA Pigment Inks



Canon Pro-1 Printer
Full-Screen Page View


Canon Pro-1 Printer
Download 6-Page PDF

Posted October 24, 2012


Canon video interview with Henry Wilhelm about the history of photography, print permanence, and "the look and feel" of silver-gelatin and inkjet prints

August 3, 2012



Play Video
(Standard Res)


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Xerox iGen Photobook Page Permanence Report

Published by
Xerox for the GRAPH EXPO Trade Show and Conference in Chicago, Illinois, October 7-10, 2012



Xerox-WIR Photobook Page Permanence
Full-Screen View


Xerox-WIR Photobook Page
Download 2-Page PDF


Posted October 17, 2012
"HP Indigo Print Permanence"

Summary of WIR Permanence Testing of HP Indigo Photobook Pages and the Permanence of Displayed Prints

Published by HP Indigo for the DRUPA Trade Show and Conference in Dusseldorf, Germany, May 3-16, 2012



HP-WIR Indigo Print Permanence
Full-Screen Page View

HP-WIR Indigo Print Permanence
Download 8-Page PDF

Posted
May 14, 2012

Print Permanence Ratings for
HP Indigo Digital Presses and
Indigo Pigmented ElectroInks



HP Indigo Digital Presses
Full-Screen Page View

HP Indigo Digital Presses
Download 7-Page PDF

Posted March 7, 2011


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson Sylus Pro 4900 Printer and
New UltraChrome HDR Inks


Epson Stylus Pro 4900
Full-Screen Page View

Posted October 26, 2010

Epson Stylus Pro 4900
Download 9-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Canon imagePROGRAF iPF8300 Printer
and
Canon LUCIA EX Inks


Canon imagePROGRAF iPF8300
Full-Screen Page View

Posted Sepember 2, 2010

Canon imagePROGRAF iPF8300
Download 7-Page PDF



Canon Press Release


"CANON iPF8300 with LUCIA EX Pigment Inks and CANON Media Recieves High Permanence Ratings From Wilhelm Imaging Research"

Canon LUCIA EX
Press Release
Full-Screen Page View

Posted October 3, 2010

Canon LUCIA EX
Press Release
Download 2-page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson Stylus Pro GS6000 Printer and
Epson UltraChrome GS Solvent Pigment Inks


Epson Stylus Pro GS6000
Full-Screen Page View

Posted July 20, 2010

Epson Stylus Pro GS6000
Download 7-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson Stylus Pro 3880 Printer
and
Epson UltraChrome K3 With Vivid Magenta Inks


Epson Stylus Pro 3880
Full-Screen Page View

Posted April 14, 2010

Epson Stylus Pro 3880
Download 8-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for Epson Stylus Pro 7700 Printer and Epson UltraChrome With Vivid Magenta Inks

Epson Stylus Pro 7700
Full-Screen Page View

Updated April 28, 2010

Epson Stylus Pro 7700
Download 7-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Canon imagePROGRAF iPF6100 Printer and Canon LUCIA Pigment Inks

3800
Canon imagePROGRAF iPF6100
Full-Screen Page View

Posted June 15, 2009

Canon imagePROGRAF iPF6100
Download 8-Page PDF

Print Permanence Ratings for
HP Designjet Z3200 Printer
and Vivera Pigment Inks
With Chromatic Red Ink

3800
HP Designjet Z3200
Full-Screen Page View

Posted March 25, 2009

HP Designjet Z3200
Download 7-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson Stylus Photo R2880 Printer
and New UltraChrome K3
With Vivid Magenta Inks

3800
Epson Stylus Photo R2880
Full-Screen Page View

Posted July 10, 2010

Epson Stylus Photo R2880
Download 9-Page PDF

Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson Stylus Pro 7900 Printer
and New UltraChrome HDR Inks

3800
Epson Stylus Pro 7900
Full-Screen Page View

Updated April 25, 2010

Epson Stylus Pro 7900
Download 9-Page PDF

Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson Stylus Pro 11880 Printer
and New UltraChrome K3
With Vivid Magenta Inks

3800
Epson Stylus Pro 11880
Full-Screen Page View

Updated April 23, 2010

Epson Stylus Pro 11880
Download 10-Page PDF

Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson Stylus Pro 9880 Printer
and New UltraChrome K3
With Vivid Magenta Inks

3800
Epson Stylus Pro 9880
Full-Screen Page View

Updated April 24, 2010

Epson Stylus Pro 9880
Download 10-Page PDF

Print Permanence Ratings for
HP Photosmart Pro B8850
13x19-inch Printer
and HP Vivera Pigment Inks

B8850
HP Photosmart Pro B8850
Full-Screen Page View

Posted January 15, 2008

HP Photosmart Pro B8850
Download 7-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson Stylus Photo R1900
13x19-inch Printer
and Epson UltraChrome
Hi-Gloss 2 Inks

R1900
Epson R1900
Full-Screen Page View

Posted January 7, 2008

Epson R1900
Download 7-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Canon PIXMA Pro9500
13x19-inch Printer
and LUCIA Pigment Inks

3800
Canon PIXMA Pro9500
Full-Screen Page View

Posted December 28, 2007

Canon PIXMA Pro9500
Download 7-Page PDF


Harman Technology Ltd. Press Release

"Entire Range of Harman Photo Papers Undergo Wilhelm Testing With Epson, Canon, and HP Professional Printers"

Press Release
Go To Press Release
Posted January 30, 2008


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson Stylus Photo R2400
13x19-inch Printer
and UltraChrome K3 Inks

R2400
Epson R2400
Full-Screen Page View

Updated December 28, 2007

Epson R2400
Download 9-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
HP Designjet Z3100 Printer and Vivera Pigment Inks

Z3100
HP Designjet Z3100
Full-Screen Page View

Updated December 28, 2007

HP Designjet Z3100
Download 7-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
HP Designjet Z2100 Printer and Vivera Pigment Inks

Z2100
HP Designjet Z2100
Full-Screen Page View

Updated December 28, 2007

HP Designjet Z2100
Download 7-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson Stylus Pro 3800
17x22-inch Printer
and UltraChrome K3 Inks

3800
Epson Stylus Pro 3800
Full-Screen Page View

Posted September 25, 2006

Epson Stylus Pro 3800
Download 8-Page PDF


Print Permanence Ratings for
Epson Stylus Photo 1400 13x19-Inch Printer and Claria Inks

1400
Epson Stylus Photo 1400
Full-Screen Page View

Posted March 7, 2007

Epson Stylus Photo 1400
Download 6-Page PDF


WIR Press Release

Canon U.S.A., Inc. Endorses the Independent WIR Certified Image Permanence Testing Program and Seal, Joining Epson, Hewlett-Packard, and Lexmark in Providing Consumers with Standardized Print Longevity Ratings

Press Release
Go To Press Release
Posted April 8, 2005


Print Permanence Ratings for
HP Photosmart Pro B9180 13x19-inch Printer and New Vivera Pigment Inks


HP Photosmart Pro B9180
Full-Screen Page View

Updated December 28, 2007

HP Photosmart Pro B9180
Download 7-Page PDF


Read Expanded HP International Press Release for Photosmart
Pro B9180 Printer

February 28, 2006

Read HP United States
Press Release for Photosmart
Pro B9180 Printer
February 23, 2006

Read HP Photosmart Pro B9180
Fact Sheet

February 23, 2006


Canon imagePROGRAF iPF5000 17x24-inch,
12-Ink Printer and New Lucia Pigmented Inks

Read Canon's Press Release
for the imagePROGRAF iPF5000 Printer and New Lucia Pigmented Inks

February 21, 2006

WIR is currently testing the new printer, inks and media.

A review of preliminary test data indicates that prints made with the Lucia pigmented inks and select Canon photo and fine art papers will have WIR Display Permanence Ratings in excess of 100 years for color images and significantly beyond that for monochrome images.

Final test results will be posted when available.


Canon PIXMA Pro9000 and PIXMA Pro9500 13x19-inch, 10-Ink Printers

Read Canon's Press Release
for the PIXMA Pro9000 and PIXMA Pro9500 Printers

February 21, 2006

WIR is currently testing the ChromaLife100 dye-based Ink used with the Pro9000 and the Lucia pigmented inks used with the Pro9500 printer.

A review of preliminary test data indicates that prints made with the Lucia pigmented inks and select Canon photo and fine art papers printed with the Pro9500 will have WIR Display Permanence Ratings in excess of 100 years for color images and significantly beyond that for monochrome images.

Final test results will be posted when available.


Print Permanence
Ratings for
Epson Stylus Pro 9800 Printer
and UltraChrome K3 Inks


Epson Stylus Pro 9800
Full-Screen Page View

Updated July 1, 2005

Epson Stylus Pro 9800
Download 8-Page PDF


Print Permanence
Ratings for
Epson Stylus Pro 4800 Printer
and UltraChrome K3 Inks


Epson Stylus Pro 4800
Full-Screen Page View

Posted September 3, 2005

Epson Stylus Pro 4800
Download 8-Page PDF


Print Permanence
Ratings for
HP Designjet 130 Printer
and HP Vivera Inks


HP Designjet 130
Full-Screen Page View

Updated June 30, 2005

HP Designjet 130
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence
Ratings for
HP Designjet 90
and HP Vivera Inks


HP Designjet 90
Full-Screen Page View

Updated July 2, 2005

HP Designjet 90
Download 6-Page PDF


Print Permanence
Ratings for
HP Designjet 5500/5500ps Printer
and HP UV Inks


HP Designjet 5500/5500ps
Full-Screen Page View

Posted June 30, 2005

HP Designjet 5500/5500ps
Download 7-Page PDF


Print Permanence
Ratings for
HP Designjet 5000/5000ps Printer and HP UV Inks


HP Designjet 5000/5000ps
Full-Screen Page View

Updated July 31, 2003

HP Designjet 5000/5000ps
Download 3-Page PDF


Print Permanence
Ratings for
Epson Stylus Pro 9600 Printer
and Epson UltraChrome Inks


Epson Stylus Pro 9600
Full-Screen Page View

Updated February 14, 2005

Epson Stylus Pro 9600
Download 8-Page PDF


Print Permanence
Ratings for
Epson Stylus Pro 4000 Printer
and Epson UltraChrome Inks


Epson Stylus Pro 4000
Full-Screen Page View

Updated May 1, 2004

Epson Stylus Pro 4000
Download 6-Page PDF


Noted Photographers
and Printmakers at Work
(Click on Images to Enlarge)

Greene
Mac Holbert of Nash Editions, Manhattan Beach, California, holding a B&W photograph of actress Jane Fonda and her father, Henry Fonda, taken in 1968 by Pat York and printed with the new Epson Stylus Pro 4000.

Greene
Greg Gorman, Los Angeles, California with a portrait of actress Jodie Foster printed with his Epson 9600.
Greene
Joshua Greene, Archives of Milton H. Greene, Florence, Oregon, with a portrait of Marilyn Monroe printed with an HP 5000PS.
Holbert & Nash
Mac Holbert and Graham Nash of the pioneering fine art printmaker Nash Editions, Manhattan Beach, California, with a photograph by Stephen Wilkes printed with an Epson 9600.

Holmes

Joseph Holmes, Berkeley, California, printing one of his landscape photographs with an Epson 9600.

Click here for essay by Holmes on printing with his new Epson 9800.
May 10, 2005

Click here for essay by Holmes on "Making Photographs."
May 10, 2005


Adamson
David Adamson of Adamson Editions printing with a 63-inch Mimaki JV4-160 in his Washington, D.C. studio. Adamson also uses Epson and ixia printers.
Feidler
Salon Iris in Vienna, Austria, one of Europe's first digital fine art printmakers. Sam Sinclair and Stefan Fiedler, founder, printing with an Epson 9600. Other printers including an Iris 3047 are also used. Fiedler was also the organizer of the highly successful ArtBits fine art digital printmaking exhibition and workshop.

johnson
Stephen Johnson of Pacifica, California, making one of his large panoramic prints with an Epson 10000 in his fully-equipped studio and gallery. Johnson currently uses a Better Light digital scanning back for ultra-high resolution photographs.

 



   
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